Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV: Out of the Shadows

It seems like the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has become a heightened concern during this season of winter illnesses. You even may have heard the term tripledemic, relating to the simultaneous surges of RSV, COVID-19, and the flu. Pottstown Area Health & Wellness Foundation (PAHWF) explains why we are hearing more about RSV these past couple years—and how to avoid it.

Nothing New

RSV was first isolated in 1956. It’s been around the block—and households, schools, and communities—for decades. However, isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic reduced exposure to all viruses, including RSV. As we returned to pre-COVID-19 pandemic behaviors, RSV cases naturally surged along with all other viruses. And, the post-pandemic general public is now hyperaware of these circulating contagions.

Additionally, in May 2023, the FDA approved the first RSV vaccine for adults. The goal of any vaccine campaign is to increase awareness in efforts to reduce (or eliminate) an illness. Over the past couple of years, public awareness of RSV has peaked as a result of advertisements, commercials, and healthcare practitioners sharing a solution to this sometimes-deadly virus.

In the past, children under age five were most frequently infected with RSV. However, post-pandemic, the virus has become more widespread. In recent years, it frequently has impacted adults over age 60, the immunocompromised, and those with additional medical conditions like chronic lung disease or cancer. The RSV season also has become less contained. Formerly peaking in fall and winter, it has expanded with late summer surges as well.

The Spread

Symptoms in the average healthy adult tend to mimic the common cold or flu as does the virus’ ability to spread. RSV is highly contagious. It can be contracted through direct contact with an infected individual, including up to two days prior to that person experiencing symptoms. People with RSV also can continue shedding the virus after they begin to feel better.

RSV survives for several hours on hard surfaces. As with cold and flu germs, tainted droplets easily contaminate those nearby via air. They also land on objects where they linger and come in contact with others perhaps hours later. It is theorized that every RSV infection spreads to an average of three other individuals. The spread increases exponentially in group settings like schools, daycare centers, dormitories, and assisted living residences.

Best Practices for Prevention

Here are reminders of effective ways to prevent illness, especially those like RSV, COVID-19, and the flu which can cause dangerous health outcomes.

Wash hands well. We’ve all learned a quick swipe under water with a dab of soap is not adequate. Lather soap and rinse well for at least 20 seconds. Use hand sanitizer when soap is unavailable.

Wear a mask. Plenty of people still don their N95 or other masks in public. A decent mask will filter out germs, protecting both the wearer and those around them. A mask also helps you avoid touching your mouth and nose, two areas where germs can easily enter the body. Try to keep your hands off your face overall.

Stay home when sick. With today’s ability to work from home, being out of the office or classroom has less impact. Going in public while sick is not perceived as dedicated but rather inconsiderate. Recovering at home also prevents you from contracting other illnesses and extending your sick time.

Enjoy healthy foods. Load up on vitamin-packed produce and lean proteins. Consider one of these top-ranked diets for health. Feed your body and mind well for superior performance, including from your immune system.

Strengthen your lungs. Those who suffer from asthma and chronic lung disease are more susceptible to complications from RSV. Cardio fitness strengthens lungs to better handle the coughing and wheezing common with RSV. These exercise smarts for asthma sufferers apply to anyone trying to improve lung function. An added perk: Exercise boosts immunity against illness and disease.

Disinfect frequent-touch zones. Diligently wipe down doorknobs, light switches, countertops, faucet handles, and bathrooms when someone is sick at home. You may need to use bleach wipes or solution to kill certain viruses. If so, wipe down the areas with clean water after the designated time required to sanitize germs (usually 10 minutes).

Stay current on vaccines. The FDA-approved RSV vaccine is available for adults aged 75 years or older; aged 60 and older in high-risk categories; and pregnant women sometime during week 32 through week 36 of pregnancy. Protection passes to the unborn infant and remains through baby’s first six months post-birth. Infants and the elderly are more likely to be hospitalized from RSV.

There are also protective-antibody options for babies and young children; discuss these with your healthcare practitioner. Learn more in this Cleveland Clinic article, “Is There a Vaccine for RSV? Here’s Who’s Eligible.”

RSV Treatment

If you find yourself dealing with RSV, you are not alone. Millions of people suffer from this illness at some point during the average year. With symptoms very similar, it is often mistaken for the common cold. A test can be performed to confirm RSV, COVID-19, or flu (but not the common cold).

Treat RSV with over-the-counter pain relievers to improve general symptoms. Stay hydrated. Consider using a small cool-mist humidifier to moisten the air, which often improves breathing. Do not hesitate to check in with a healthcare practitioner. If you need a physician, visit the CHDC, a grantee of PAHWF that provides affordable (or free, if necessary) health services for the entire family.

Lung symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and breathing issues are predominant with RSV. If you or a loved one is struggling to breath, dial 911 and contact your physician immediately.

Sources

National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID)